Summary and Evaluation

In the article " Should athletes be allowed to use performance enhancing drugs?" the authors inform the readers with facts on both sides, the advantages and disadvantages of allowing performance enhancing drugs. First, Savulescu argues that the preventability of using doping is unsuccessful. He asserts that PEDs can be limited in use, and it could be inhibition if it has too many effects on athletes. Savulescu refutes the idea that children will be fostered to take PEDs . Secondly , Creaney ,and Vondy assert that the reason for their opposition to allowing sports doping is a moral issue . In addition, if the "anti-doping programme" did not exist, the utilization of PEDs will spread increasingly and filter profoundly in the community.  Creaney and Vondy claim that when PEDs are legal for the top professional sport , they will alter the value of sport in society's perception.  Moreover, they refute the idea of ineffective PEDs's forbiddance . The article concludes with some solutions which are  to strictly render the ban of doping in sport ,and drug testing should be given frequently to the athletes.

The information in this article can be trusted and used in writing because of a number of reasons. First of all, the article discusses a heated issue , and it is published on 22 October 2013. In addition , the authors are Julian Savulescu , who is chair in practical ethics in University of Oxford , and Leon Creaney, who is consultant in sport and exercise medicine in University of Hospital Birmingham, and Anna Vondy , who works in Liverpool University Hospital ;therefore, the article can be trusted . Furthermore, this article is published in The British Medical Journal which is one of the popular journals . Also , this article has reverences which most of  them are up to date , so  the data could be checked . Finally,  the article's purpose is to inform the readers with arguments on both sides the advocates and the opponents of allowing performance enhancing drugs in sports . Although the article seems subjective , it is actually objective because it is supported with facts .  

Savulescu. J. Creaney L. Vondy A. (October 22, 2013) . Should athletes be allowed to use performance enhancing drugs? The BMJ. Retrieved (2017, February 22).

synthesis

          

          Although some people assert that performance - enhancing drugs should  be eliminated from sports altogether, others believe that these drugs can beneficial to the athletes. Some athletes conveyed that the PEDs had a negative effect on their health. As Goodman (2012) reports that " as I have listened to fighters discussing their performance-enhancing drug use, along with their accompanying heart, kidney, liver, bone, brain, and psychiatric ailments." It is evident that PEDs can harm athletes who use them. On other hand, the PEDs can be beneficial to some athletes. Tillery (2013) states that " If properly regulated, H.G.H. Potentially reverse the effects of jet lag, thus allowing athletes to play longer and stronger." This suggests that if athletes take the performance -enhancing drugs in moderation, their performance will improve. It is apparent that many people are worried about the hazards of PEDs, in any case, the topic is important for discussion.

Goodman, M. (August 8,2012). Clean Competition Is Safest. Room for Debate: New York Times Online. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

Tillery, M. (June7,2013). Overscheduled Pros Could Use a Boost. Room for Debate: New York Times Online. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

comparing and contrasting cultures

       The first remarkable characters for both Saudi Arabia and Japan is table manner that is shared the similarities and dissimilarities . First, the Saudis and Japanese are similar in terms of praising food before and after they eat it . At the beginning of every meal the Saudis says " In the name of God" , and after finishing a meal ,they say " All praises to God." In Japan, Tanaka (2017) said that " Before we eat , we say itadakismasu  which means our gratitude for the life having died to become our provision , a person who made the dish , and when we finish, we say Gochisousama, and it means the same thing ." Perhaps the most important part of table etiquette is that both countries have proper, yet different ways of eating. With respect to Japan, Tanaka (2017) states that the people do not talk while they are eating their meal. They eat the food which is served to them even when they do not like it, unless they have an allergy to a particular dish . Also, the Japanese use chopsticks to eat and pick up a small bowl  to bring  the food close to the mouth when they eat . This way they do not drop their heads down or drop food on the table. In contrast , the vast majority of Saudis  use their right hand to pick up and eat the food while others use utensils such as a fork or spoon . Furthermore , if sharing a dish from large platter, they eat from what is in front of them , never reaching across the platter . Unlike the Japanese , the Saudi families do have conversation during meals . In addition , in both countries, young  people finish their meals. However, even when the young people are finished eating ,they cannot leave the table until their elders are done with their meals . This a sign of respect for the elderly. Not only do Saudi Arabia and Japan have similarities and differences in dining etiquette ,but also with gift-giving.




Tanaka,A.(February 10,2017). Personal interview.university of California, Riverside.

Summary of Environmental Refugees Unable to Return Home

      In the article “Environmental Refugees Unable to Return Home,” Kakissis describes the effect of natural catastrophes and their impact on refugees. He states that people who become refugees because of natural disaster have been forced to leave their homes and move to metropolitan areas. People in Bangladesh transition to Dhaka for good. Dhaka is powerless to the change in climate because it is located near the sea . Kakissis mentions that  most environmental refugees have lived  in risky slums and their kids either work or remain at home to keep an eye on their younger sisters and brothers while their parents are at work. One family lost their home and small business in a southern Bangladesh village due to flooding from a cyclone ,whereas, another family left a village in Barisal because of river erosion. The author points out that Bangladesh wants to help environmental refugees. Kakissis concludes by stating that environmental refugees’ wishes are to go back home ;however,they don't have enough supplies.